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The Mate is the oldest cultural
object of Peru, used for about 5000 years before Christ and continues
until today.
The oldest Mate, decorated with motifs of stylized cats and snakes was
found in Huaca Prieta - Trujillo. In pre-Columbian times and today, the
mate is an exceptional example of the Andean craftsman who develops
their cultural, experiential, customs and traditions, decorated by
burilados, or pyrography Quemado.
It is a fruit similar to the gourd that grows in the hot zones of Peru.
The major sites are made burilados the rural communities of Cochas Chico
and Cochas Grande (Junín - Perú).
In the Rural Community Cochas Grande District El Tambo, Huancayo
province, region Junín to 3300 m, the family continues to work Núñez
legacy for generations, while preserving the ancient techniques that
have earned them many awards and accolades both nationally and
internationally, with exhibitions and participating in various events.
Now, the craftsman with his family Angel Alfaro continue the artistic
tradition. |
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Shares and awards of the art workshop K'jantu Huayta |
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1996.
3rd place in the contest Mates Burilados organized by the Municipality
of El Tambo.
2001. Huancayo represented in the
National Small Business, organized by the Coordinadora Rural.
2003. 3rd place in the National Award "Inti Raymi"
Folk Art in the specialty of Mates Burilados, together with the Irma
Poma, organized by the Museum Manos Peruanas.
2004. Participates in the craft
exhibition in the region Craftsman's Day, organized by MINCETUR-Junín.
2004.
Exhibition Mates Burilados in Taller del Artista in Museo de La Nación
from 19 September to November 7.
2005. International Crafts Fair Mall
Plaza clover Concepción Talcahuano in Chile; 2 to February 14.
2005. Mates Burilados exposure in Museo
de la Nación room Taller del Artista; 2 to May 28.
2005. Workshop on Wingos burilados
Mates and organized by CITE Artesanía, Ucayali.
2005. Exhibition in Mates Burilados
Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia de Perú; 2 to
July 30.
2005. 2nd position in Concurso Nacional
de Mates Burilados images Don Quijote de La Mancha in December,
organized by the INC and Ministerio de Educación.
2005. Craft in the Peruvian city of
Calama - Chile. |
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2006. Feria Internacional de Viña del
Mar - Chile, from 4 to February 28.
2006. Exhibition Mates Burilados in
Museo de la Nación; 2 to May 28.
2006.
FeriaPerú in Miraflores organized by the Municipality of Miraflores -
Lima, 22 to July 30.
2006. The 1st Muestra de Artesanía
Nacional organized by the Municipality of Villa Hermosa de Yanahuara, on
the anniversary of Arequipa; 7 to August 21.
2006. Feria del Fundo Fierro - Arequipa
organized by FEDARA (Departmental Federation of Artisans of Arequipa), 8
to August 30.
2007. Fair Viña del Mar - Chile, in
February.
2007. Muestra Nacional de Artesanía of
the 2nd Fair Yanahuara - Arequipa; 7 to August 20.
2007. Fundo Fierro Fair, organized by
FEDARA; 8 to August 30. |
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Technical process of developing Mates Burilados |
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The physical embodiment of burilados
Mates is summarized in the manual production of images in relief on the
flat surface and a squash ball, default, incised with a cutting-punctured.
The burilados is a drawing, whose lines are carved into the skin of a
fruit vegetable indelibly.
The current technique to produce incisions at the pumpkin is the same
used in the production of Pre-Hispanic mates to date any new tool or new
processes provide better results than the simple manual action. |
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Para comprender claramente cómo se burila un Mate
debemos tener en cuenta las siguientes fases:
1. Selecting
the appropriate material to the subject and style of representation.
The wild gourd is not an existing resource in the Sierra of the country.
Comes from the coastal valleys of northern Peru as ChiraIca, Chiclayo -
Trujillo. Are regularly brought by coastal traders, whom the great
merchants Mates of Cochas committed in advance by the advancement of
cash. regardless of the scarcity or abundance of raw materials, have a
capacity burilados very fine selection, named according to their
principal as:
 Lapa. Aquellas formas de base ancha como plato.
Huiro.
The elongated oval configuration.
Puro.
The bulk of circular.
Other names derive from combinations of basic
shapes that can be the size: Small (up to 10 cm. Tall), medium
(up to 25 cm.) And large (from 25 cm.).
The selection of raw material gives a special role to color and texture
of the skin of the gourd. The mates are used to clear them finish with a
black background. The dark skin was used to burn natural finish or white
phone. Artisans fall rapidly as the raw material thematic and stylistic
possibilities this offers, for example, a Mate chopped dark is never
used for a decorative burilados fine, it is preferred for best quality
gourds.
2. Inspiration.
Once the raw material proceeds andalusia andalusia burilados craftsman
when it comes to running mates and memory does not have much to think
about. For the finest mates the process of inspiration is more complex
and lengthy, is recalling the different experiences, customs and
cultural traditions of rural life, it can happen that some detail is not
clear, then consultation with village elders sadly narrates the habits
that are forgotten with time. The artist is inspired by the reality of
his people in his family life, customs, folklore, livestock, agriculture
and even in natural medicine.
3. Graphic
composition and narrative. Another aspect of the implementation
of the mocked for sharing images that an item in the circular area of
the map. The traditional pumpkin hugs and a pencil drawing designs that
will go to work. Start from the bottom up, and manually turning to the
right mate is drawing schematically, according to the inspiration that
will translate into mate. When the surface of the gourd is completely
planned the process of burilados, punctured using a sharp-called "chisel".
4. Finishing.
Burilados completed, the material may be exposed to the phase called
artisans finish in the final stage of technical materials, except the
color of mates (who are dyed before being burilados), the leading
artists their works through 3 processes: |
Natural burning.
It is the technique huanCauuanca
"because it has its origin in
the first generation of
burilados; is to paint or color
the figure of the mate, in fact,
the artisans are various shades
of colors, which use a glow
stick that quinualquinual on
blowing in the direction of the
drawings burilados in Mate, the
colors are dependent on the
intensity and duration of heat.
Black background.
Consiste en impregnar una mezcla
grasa y hollín (ceniza) a las
líneas que han sido buriladas,
esto se realiza untando con las
manos toda la superficie del
mate, hasta que quede totalmente
negro, luego se lava y se deja
secar. El fondo negro es un
acabado sencillo y se le
atribuye la denominación
"ayacuchana", esto lo
aprendieron los primeros
materos, es un acabado
permanente e indeleble.
Burned with a white background.
Is another technique that
consists in filling the spaces
with burilados powder, lime or
gypsum. Has the disadvantage
that these white matter falling
over time, so it is now painted
white, washable.
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Colors. Using natural dyes and anilines. |
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